Bases de la neuroeducación: funcionamiento del cerebro en el aprendizaje
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https://doi.org/10.63969/r0yyk319Palabras clave:
neuroeducación, aprendizaje, neuroplasticidad, memoria, atención, funciones ejecutivasResumen
La neuroeducación constituye un campo interdisciplinario que integra conocimientos de la neurociencia, la psicología cognitiva y la pedagogía para comprender cómo aprende el cerebro y orientar decisiones educativas fundamentadas. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar las bases neurobiológicas del aprendizaje y su traducción prudente a la práctica docente. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de publicaciones académicas difundidas entre 2018 y 2025, localizadas en bases y portales científicos mediante descriptores relacionados con neuroeducación, plasticidad cerebral, atención, memoria, emoción, funciones ejecutivas, sueño, actividad física y neuromitos. La síntesis muestra que aprender implica cambios funcionales y estructurales en redes distribuidas; depende de la interacción entre atención, memoria de trabajo, conocimientos previos, emoción, motivación y consolidación; y está condicionado por el desarrollo, el descanso, el estrés y el contexto sociocultural. La evidencia respalda estrategias como activar saberes previos, segmentar la información, practicar la recuperación, espaciar el estudio, ofrecer retroalimentación y favorecer ambientes emocionalmente seguros. Sin embargo, los hallazgos neurocientíficos no se convierten automáticamente en recetas pedagógicas y deben contrastarse con evidencia conductual y contextual. Se concluye que la neuroeducación aporta un marco explicativo valioso cuando se emplea con rigor interdisciplinario, alfabetización científica y rechazo explícito de los neuromitos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Flora Carolina Pita Meneses, Laura Sebina Contreras Bonilla , Victoria Perpetua Ligua Armijos , Ariana Madelyne Herrera Contreras, Kely Katherine Carriel Molina (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Los artículos publicados en la revista se distribuyen bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0). Esta licencia permite a terceros descargar, copiar, distribuir, adaptar y reutilizar una obra, incluso con fines comerciales, siempre que se otorgue el crédito adecuado al autor original.
